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Cary Huang has added many more objects to the htwins.net flash application.

To increase traffic for Huang and enable more people to participate, I list below the objects, their sizes, and Huang's comments. Huang, if you are reading this, send your email, so people can send you ideas, corrections, etc. And thanks for the great application!

Exponent

Mantissa

Sci. Notation

Value

Object

Commentary by Huang

1.6

1.6 x 10^27

At least 160 billion light-years

The Estimated Size of the Universe

The Universe is everything we know. We know
nothing of what lies beyond! Oh, also, the universe may be much larger than
this. There's just no way to accurately measure the size.

9.3

9.3 x 10^26

93 billion light-years

Observable Universe

The radius is about 46 billion ly (half of the
diameter). You might expect to only see 13.7 billion ly away because light
has had only 13.7 billion years to travel, but due to the expansion of space,
the objects that used to be 13.7 billion ly away are now 46 billion ly away,
and we can see these.

1.27

1.27 x 10^26

12.7 billion light-years

Distance to the Hubble Deep
Field

The Hubble Space Telescope took a picture of
an empty spot in the night sky. Instead of nothingness, the image had almost
3,000 objects in it – distant galaxies. It's unknown where these galaxies are
now, but where they were 12.7 billion years ago is 12.7 billion light-years
away from us.

3.3

3.3 x 10^25

3.3 billion light-years

Parsec

A gigaparsec is one billion parsecs. It is one
of the largest measures of distance. There's really no need to have any
measure larger, because the radius of the observable universe is only 14
gigaparsecs.

1.3

1.3 x 10^25

1.3 billion

Sloan Great Wall

The Sloan Great Wall is represented by the
thick green band. It is the largest known object in the universe. It is made
up of galaxies, and is called a galactic filament. We are not in it. In fact,
it lies about one billion light-years from us.

1 x 10^25

1 billion light-years

Pisces-Cetus Supercluster
Complex

We actually live in the Pisces- Cetus
Supercluster Complex. It is the second largest object known, after the Sloan
Great Wall. I guess second place is pretty good.

6.5

6.5 x 10^24

650 million light-years

Distance to the Shapley
Supercluster

The Shapley Supercluster is a supercluster of
galaxies. It is one of the largest objects that collapses inward; anything
larger expands with the universe.

5 x 10^24

500 million light-years

Eridanus Supervoid

It's a region in the night sky that's slightly
cooler than the normal CMB temperature. It's 2.7° K, or -270.5° C. Barely
above absolute zero. One theory says it leads to a parallel universe. Whoa!

2.5

2.5 x 10^24

250 million light-years

Distance to the Great
Attractor

The Great Attractor is pulling thousands of
galaxies, including the Milky Way, towards itself. Its mass is tens of
thousands of times greater than the Milky Way's.

1.1

1.1 x 10^24

110 million light-years

Virgo Supercluster

The Virgo Supercluster contains over 100
galactic clusters. The largest is the Virgo Cluster. We are in the outskirts
of this supercluster! There are millions of other superclusters.

Yottameter (Ym) (Diameter)

3 x 10^23

30 million light-years

Virgo Cluster

The Virgo Cluster is the largest cluster in
the Virgo Supercluster, and is at its center. It was discovered in the late
1770s when its galaxies were catalogued as Messier objects.

2 x 10^23

20 million light-years

Fornax Cluster

We live in the Virgo Supercluster. We're
actually part of a small filament extending off of the Fornax Cluster. It's
the second largest cluster within 100 million light-years!

1 x 10^23

10 million light-years

Local Group

The Local Group is the cluster of galaxies
that we live in. It contains about thirty galaxies and dwarf galaxies. The
two largest galaxies are the Andromeda Galaxy and our own, the Milky Way.

6 x 10^22

6 million light-years

Abell 2029

Abell 2029 is a galactic cluster one billion
light-years away in the constellation Serpens. Its central galaxy, which is
IC 1101, is almost as large as it is. It emits 2 trillion times as much light
as the Sun does. (About 10 39 lightbulbs)

5 x 10^22

5 million light-years

IC 1101

IC 1101 is the largest known galaxy. It
contains about 100 trillion stars. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has only 250
billion, so IC 1101 has 400 times more stars than the Milky Way.

2 x 10^22

2 million light-years

Distance to the Andromeda
Galaxy

At two million light-years away, the Andromeda
Galaxy is the most distant object visible to the naked eye. However, without
binoculars or a telescope, it will appear as a dim blur.

10^21^ x 3

300,000 light-years

Tadpole Galaxy

The tadpole galaxy has a trail of stars. They
were probably formed when another galaxy collided into it. Just like
tadpoles, the Tadpole Galaxy is expected to lose its tail as it gets older.

5 x 10^21

500,000 light-years

NGC 4889

This very large galaxy, which is also known as
Caldwell 35, is the brightest galaxy in the Coma cluster. It is going away
from us at 6,500 kilometers per second. At that speed, it could
circumnavigate the Earth in less than seven seconds!

4.5

4.5 x 10^21

450,000 li

The Distance Earth Has
Travelled (Relative to Sun)

Earth has travelled almost half a million
light-years relative to the Sun since its formation. (That's 4.5 billion
years and 4.5 billion orbits.) Travelling at 110,000 km/h, Earth is 10,000
times slower than the speed of light.

2.5

2.5 x 10^21

250,000 light-years

Virgo A

Virgo A is the largest galaxy in the Virgo
Cluster. It's a supergiant elliptical galaxy. Did you know that the black
hole at its center is flinging out a jet of subatomic matter 5,000
light-years long?

2.2

2.2 x 10^21

220,000 light-years

NGC 1232

NGC 1232 is a pretty big galaxy. It's bigger
than ours, but it's not the biggest. Of course, IC 1101 is not the biggest
galaxy, it's only the biggest galaxy we know of. There are probably many
more!

1.8

1.8 x 10^21

180,000 light-years

Whirlpool Galaxy

The spiral arms in the Whirlpool Galaxy were
believed to have been formed from a collision of a nearby galaxy. Wouldn't it
be odd if you grew new arms whenever you collided into something?

1.7

1.7 x 10^21

170,000 li

Pinwheel Galaxy

When this galaxy was first discovered, it was
believed to be a nebula. It's not; it's a galaxy. It's also called Messier
101, because it was the 101 st Messier object to be catalogued.

1.5

1.5 x 10^21

150,000 light-years

Andromeda Galaxy

The Andromeda Galaxy is the Milky Way's twin.
It's the nearest galaxy that is a similar size and shape. In a few billion
years, the two galaxies will collide and form one larger elliptical galaxy -
Milkomeda.

1.5

1.5 x 10^21

150,000 light-years

Cartwheel Galaxy

Astronomers think the Cartwheel Galaxy had a
collision with two nearby galaxies 200 million years ago. Actually, 700
million years ago, because the Cartwheel Galaxy is 500 million light-years
away, so what we see of it is already 500 million years old.

1.2

1.2 x 10^21

120,000 light-years

Milky Way Galaxy

The Milky Way is the galaxy we live in. You
can't see the whole thing at once, of course, but on a dark night you might
be able see a streak that spans the whole sky! It looks milky, so it's the
Milky Way.

Zettameter (Zm) (Diameter)

5 x 10^20

50,000 light-years

Sombrero Galaxy

Do you think the Sombrero Galaxy looks like a
sombrero? I'm not sure. Oh! Did you know that there is a supermassive black
hole in the center of this galaxy? Most large galaxies have supermassive
black holes. Our Milky Way might!

5 x 10^20

50,000 light-years

Triangulum Galaxy

This galaxy is not shaped like a triangle;
it's just called that because it is found in the constellation Triangulum.
Did you realize that any three stars form a "triangle
constellation"? You could have millions of triangle constellations!

2.2

2.2 x 10^20

22,000 light-years

NGC 3310

NGC 3310 is another one of those galaxies that
have collided with other galaxies, altering their shape. It is a spiral
galaxy that has very beautiful arms and is over 40 million light-years away.

1.4

1.4 x 10^20

14,000 light-years

Large Magellanic Cloud

The Large Magellanic Cloud is only called
large because it is larger than the galaxy nearest to it, the Small
Magellanic Cloud. If the Small Magellanic Cloud were larger, the Large
Magellanic Cloud would be called the Smaller Magellanic Cloud!

1 x 10^20

10,000 light-years

Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy

The Sagittarius is one of the Milky Way's
satellite galaxies. It is only 70,000 light-years distant! It is an
elliptical galaxy, and a dwarf one as well. It was not discovered until 1994.

7 x 10^19

7,000 light-years

Small Magellanic Cloud

The Small Magellanic Cloud is only called
small because it is smaller than the galaxy nearest to it, the Large
Magellanic Cloud. If the Large Magellanic Cloud were smaller, the Small
Magellanic Cloud would be called the Large Magellanic Cloud!

6.5

6.5 x 10^19

6,500 light-years

Canes Venatici Dwarf Galaxy I

The Canes Venatici Dwarf Galaxy I is 720,000
light-years away from us. If you zoom out to that scale, the galaxy will be a
couple pixels across.

5 x 10^19

5,000 light-years

Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy

The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is the nearest
galaxy, if you don't count the Milky Way itself. It lies between the arms of
the Milky Way and is being pulled apart by the gravity of the Milky Way.

2 x 10^19

2,000 light-years

Leo II Dwarf Galaxy

The Leo II Dwarf Galaxy is a satellite of the
Milky Way Galaxy. It is one of twenty-four known satellites of the Milky Way.
The stars in Leo II are metal-poor. They're also relatively old.

6 x 10^18

600 light-years

Tarantula Nebula

The Tarantula Nebula is the largest known
nebula. It can be found in the Large Magellanic cloud. It's very bright, with
an absolute magnitude is -11. It is the brightest non-stellar object known.

3 x 10^18

300 light-years

Barnard's Loop

Barnard's Loop is a huge nebula and is only
1,600 light-years away. It covers 10 degrees of the sky (which is a lot). It
spans over most of the constellation Orion! However, it's so faint you can
only see it on dark nights, or with long exposure times. So sad.

3 x 10^18

300 light-years

Messier 54

Messier 54, or M54, or NGC 6715, is another
globular cluster. It is in the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy, which would mean
it's the first globular cluster outside of the Milky Way to be discovered.

1.5

1.5 x 10^18

150 light-years

Omega Centauri

Omega Centauri is a globular cluster. It is
the brightest globular cluster. The center is very crowded. Stars there are
0.1 light-years apart, which is 2% of the distance from our Sun to the
nearest star. (That is really close!)

1.1

1.1 x 10^18

110 light-years

Lagoon Nebula

The Lagoon Nebula is a nebula that was named
the Lagoon Nebula in 1747, the year it was discovered. It is 5,000
light-years away from us and includes tornadoes that emit UV light.

Exameter (Em) (Diameter)

1 x 10^18

100 light-years

Rosette Nebula

The Rosette Nebula is very large, but very
faint. It looks like a fiery rose and a rosy fire. It's approximately 5,000
light-years away from us and has a mass of 10,000 Suns. (3 billion Earths)

7 x 10^17

70 light-y

Cave Nebula

The Cave Nebula is a very diffuse nebula. Of
course, most nebulae as large as this one are faint, so you need long
exposure times to see them. The Cave Nebula is also called Sh2-155 or
Caldwell 9.

7 x 10^17

70 light-years

Eagle Nebula

The Eagle Nebula is a huge stellar nursery.
Can you see the Pillars of Creation within it? Also, note that this image is
based off of a false- color photograph. In true color, it's a bit more
pinkish (as most large nebulae are).

6 x 10^17

60 light-years

Great Nebula in Carina

This is also called the Eta Carinae Nebula,
which is not be confused with Eta Carinae's Homunculus Nebula (which is
probably too small to see right now. It's 0.002 light-years across).

4 x 10^17

40 light-years

North America Nebula

The apparent size of the North America Nebula
is very large. It appears almost four times as large as a full moon. It's
just very dim... so... you know...you need longer exposure times to see it.

2.5

2.5 x 10^17

24 light-years

Orion Nebula

The Orion Nebula is one of the most visible
nebulae ever! As the name suggests, it lies in the constellation Orion. Did
you know that bullets of gas exist in this nebula?

2 x 10^17

20 light-years

The Spire

This little thingy is a part of the much
larger Eagle Nebula. Even though it appears small in comparison to the Eagle
Nebula, it's still larger than the solar system, by 10 - 20,000 times,
depending on your definition of our Solar System.

1.1

1.1 x 10^17

11 light-y

Crab Nebula

The Crab Nebula is one of the most famous
nebulae. It was also the first Messier object catalogued (M1)! The Crab
Nebula's supernova was seen in 1054 AD and was so bright it could be seen
during the day. It isn't even 1,000 years old!

1 x 10^17

10 light-years

The Pillars of Creation

The Pillars of Creation lie within the Eagle
Nebula. The Eagle Nebula is 7,000 light-years away from us. Evidence shows
that the Pillars of Creation were destroyed by a supernova about 6,000 years
ago, so we only have another millennium to see it.

8 x 10^16

8 light-years

Cone Nebula

The Cone Nebula was discovered in 1785, on the
day after Christmas. Did you know that the Cone Nebula is a dark nebula and a
diffuse nebula? You can find it between Betelgeuse and Procyon.

7 x 10^16

7 light-years

Bubble Nebula

I love blowing bubbles. Blub-blub, pop! This
nebula is not a bubble; it just looks like one! It was created by hot stellar
wind. Oh, and it's an emission nebula, not a planetary nebula.

4.2

4.2 x 10^16

4.2 light-years

Distance from the Sun to
Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the
Sun. However, it is still quite far away. 30 million Suns could fit between
Proxima Centauri and the Sun in a straight line.

3.3

3.3 x 10^16

3.3 light-years

Parsec

A parsec is a unit of length. The movement of
the Earth orbiting around the Sun causes nearby stars to appear to move,
called parallax. If a nearby star is perpendicular to the solar system and is
exactly one parsec away, its parallax will be exactly one arcsecond, or
1/3600 of a degree. Parallax + Arcsec = Parsec

3 x 10^16

3 light-ye

Helix Nebula

The Helix Nebula is one of the closest bright
planetary nebulae to Earth. It is 400 light-years away from Earth! That's
only four quadrillion (4,000,000,000,000,000) kilometers! (That is close,
astronomically speaking.)

2.1

2.1 x 10^16

2.1 light-years

Boomerang Nebula

The Boomerang Nebula is very cold, only one
degree above absolute zero (-272° C)! That is colder than background
radiation. Did you know the Boomerang Nebula is the coldest known object in
the universe?

2 x 10^16

2 light-years

Ant Nebula

The Ant Nebula, which is also called Mz 3, is
expanding 180,000 kilometers per hour. It resembles an ant, so much so that
it is named after an ant. For more about ants, zoom in 18 orders of
magnitude.

2 x 10^16

2 light-years

Eskimo Nebula

The Eskimo Nebula was discovered in 1787 and
is the result of a Sun-like star exploding. It supposedly looks like a head
in the hood of a parka. Another name is the Clownhead Nebula.

2 x 10^16

2 light-years

Horsehead Nebula

The Horsehead Nebula is one of the most
famouse nebulae because it looks like a horse's head. It's a dark nebula in
front of glowing pink gas. It was first discovered in 1888. Do you like all
those 8's? I do.

2 x 10^16

2 light-years

Oort Cloud

The Oort Cloud is the outermost region of the
solar system. Water ice, ammonia ice, methane ice and comets loosely fill the
region. The boundary of the Oort Cloud is also the boundary of the Sun's
gravitational pull.

1.7

1.7 x 10^16

1.7 light-years

Ring Nebula

The Ring Nebula looks a lot like a ring. The
old belief was that all planetary nebulae were ring- shaped like this one,
but that is now known to not be true. There are other shapes planetary
nebulae can be.

1.4

1.4 x 10^16

1.4 light-years

Rotten Egg Nebula

The Rotten Egg Nebula has sulfur in it. That's
probably why this nebula is called the Rotten Egg Nebula. I think it looks a
bit like a raw egg, where the blue is the cracked shell and the yellow is the
yolk spilling out.

9.46

9.46 x 10^15

9.46 trillion kilometers

Light-Year

In one year, light travels about 9.46 trillion
kilometers. This distance is known as a light-year. The light-year is
commonly used for measuring astronomical distances.

4.5

4.5 x 10^15

4 trillion kilometers (0.4 light-years)

Blinking Nebula

The Blinking Nebula is a planetary nebula that
doesn't actually blink. It just seems to appear and disappear from view.
There are two red FLIERs (Fast Low- Ionization Emission Regions) on opposite
side of the nebula.

3 x 10^15

3 trillion kilometers (0.3 light-years)

Hourglass Nebula

The Hourglass Nebula is actually shaped like
an hourglass. As you can see, there are two lobes. The upper lobe is tilited
toward us, and the bottom one is tilted away.

2.5

2.5 x 10^15

2.5 trillion

Cat's Eye Nebula

The Cat's Eye Nebula is one of the most
complex nebulae known. Did you know that the Cat's Eye Nebula is 8,000° C?
That's pretty hot! The outer halo is even hotter, at 15,000° C.

2.5

2.5 x 10^15

2.5 trillion

Gomez's Hamburger

Gomez's Hamburger is 900 light- years away!
The buns are made of reflective dust, and the patty is made of dark dust.
That does not sound very appetizing.

1.5

1.5 x 10^15

1.5 trillion kilometers (0.15 light-years)

Distance from Proxima Centauri
to Alpha Centauri A

Proxima Centauri is very far away from Alpha
Centauri A & B.

Petameter (Pm) (Diameter)

7 x 10^14

700 billion kilometers(0.07
light-years)

Stingray Nebula

The Sting Ray Nebula is a planetary nebula. It
is relatively young, and it constantly growing. Whoever named this nebula
must have thought it looked like a stingray. Do you?

1.4

1.4 x 10^1

140 billion

Distance from Sedna to Sun
(farthest)

When Sedna is the farthest from the Sun, it is
very far away. This point is called the "aphelion"! It takes Sedna
over 10,000 Earth years to complete one orbit.

5.5

5.5 x 10^13

55 billion kilometers (0.006 light-years)

Distance from Comet Hale-Bopp
to Sun (farthest)

The comet Hale-Bopp gets very far from the Sun.
It takes 2,500 years to orbit once.

2.6

2.6 x 10^13

26 billion kilometers (0.003 light-years)

Light-Day

Even in just twenty-four hours, light manages
to zoom across the distance of 26 billion kilometers. That is distance is
further than any human or space probe has travelled.

10^13

20 billion kilometers (0.002 light-years)

Homunculus Nebula

At the center of the Homunculus Nebula lies a
star. The star, which is Eta Carinae, had a magnitude of -0.8 in 1841 (second
brightest star in the sky). Now, it is a very dim sixth-magnitude star.

1.7

1.7 x 10^13

17 billion kilometers (0.002 light-years)

Distance from Voyager 1 to
Earth

Over the last 34 years, Voyager 1 has
travelled to a distance of 17 billion kilometers, which is the furthest any
man-made object has gone. You can't see it, even if you stare really, really
hard!

1.5

1.5 x 10^13

15 billion kilometers (0.0015 light-years)

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is a region of the Solar
System outside the orbit of Neptune where small bodies orbit. Many dwarf
planets exist here. It's like a larger asteroid belt.

4.5

4.5 x 10^12

4.5 billion kilometers

Distance from Neptune to Sun

Neptune is the most distant planet in the
solar system. The distance from Neptune to the Sun is greater than the
diameter of any known star!

3 x 10^12

3 billion kilometers

VY Canis Majoris

VY Canis Majoris is the largest known star. It
is so large that if it were placed in the Solar System, it would extend
beyond the orbit of Saturn! It would take a plane 1,200 years to circle it
once.

2.8

2.8 x 10^12

2.8 billion kilometers

WOH G64

I know... you're thinking, "WOH... that's
a big star!" Well, I guess you're right, because currently it's the
second largest known star. WOH G64 is found in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
There is a cloud surrounding the star that extends half of a light-year.

2.4

20 milli

V V Cephei A, B

For a while V V Cephei A was the largest known
star. Now that title belongs to VY Canis Majoris.

2.1

2.1 x 10^12

2.1 billion kilometers

V354 Cephei

V354 Cephei is red supergiant, and it's huge.
If placed in the Solar System, it would extend past the orbit of Jupiter.
354, in addition to being in this star's name, is also the year Augustine of
Hippo was born.

2 x 10^12

2 billion kilometers

KY Cygni

KY Cygni is 300,000 times more luminous than
the Sun, and the Sun is pretty luminous, isn't it? The Sun is so luminous you
aren't supposed to look at it! However, it's okay to look at KY Cyngi because
it is 300 million times farther away.

1.9

1.9 x 10^12

1.9 billion kilometers

Mu Cephei

Mu Cephei is very red. It is sometimes
referred to as "Herschel's Garnet Star" because it is garnet red.
Another alternative name is Erakis, if you don't like the first two names.

1.3

1.3 x 10^12

1.3 billion kilometers

Betelgeuse

Betelgeuse's age is in the millions of years.
Betelgeuse is so old, it is expected to explode in the next ten thousand
years. Smaller stars live for trillions of years. Betelgeuse is so big it
aged fast.

Terameter (Tm) (Diameter)

9.7

9.7 x 10^11

970 million kilometers

Antares

Antares is a red supergiant very near the
ecliptic, so it gets occulted by the Moon quite often. Also, Antares weighs
septillions of tons and is losing weight through solar wind, but this method
is slow. The fast way is to explode, which it'll do later.

7.7

7.7 x 10^11

770 million kilometers

S Doradus

S Doradus is a hypergiant, as well as one of
the brightest stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. For more about the Large
Magellanic Cloud, zoom out 8.5 orders of magnitude.

5.2

5.2 x 10^11

520 million kilometers

R Doradus

R Doradus is relatively large and is only 200
light-years from Earth, so its apparent size is the second largest in the
sky! It is 0.05 arcseconds across. The Sun is the largest, at 1,920
arcseconds - 40,000 times larger.

4.7

4.7 x 10^11

470 million kilometers

Pistol Star

The Pistol Star is one of the most luminous
stars known. In twenty seconds, it radiates as much energy as the Sun does in
a year. It's invisible because of interstellar dust in the way. It is called
the Pistol Star not because of its luminosity, but because it's in the Pistol
Nebula.

4.2

4.2 x 10^11

420 million kilometers

La Superba

La Superba is one of the reddest stars in the
night sky. It is so red because of all the carbon-13 it creates when fusing
helium. (Normal carbon is carbon-12.) La Superba is only 2500° C, making it
one of the coldest stars.

3.1

3.1 x 10^11

310 million kilometers

Deneb

Deneb is the brightest star in the
constellation of Cygnus. Deneb is 1,500 light-years away, which makes it the
most distant of the 25 brightest stars. If you lived on Mars, Deneb would
appear above the North Pole - not Polaris.

2.1

2.1 x 10^11

210 millio

Enif

Enif is an orange supergiant. Its name means
"nose" in Arabic, because in the constellation Pegasus, it is in
the position of the muzzle. Concidentally, the word "Enif"
backwards is "Fine".

1.6

1.6 x 10^11

160 million kilometers

Gacrux

Gacrux can be found in the constellation Crux.
Crux, which means "cross" in Latin, is known as the Southern Cross.
Gacrux is a binary star. The largest of the two is a red giant.

1.5

1.5 x 10^11

150 million kilometers

Distance from Earth to Sun

During the day, the Sun doesn't seem so far
away. It's actually about 150 million kilometers away. That distance is an
Astronomical Unit, which is called an AU for short.

9.7

9.7 x 10^10

97 million kilometers

Rigel

Rigel is a blazing blue star, and the
brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It lies near the equator, so it
is visible from almost anywhere on Earth. Also, don't call it
"wriggle", because it's pronounced like "rye-jel".

8.4

8.4 x 10^10

84 million kilometers

Alnitak

Alnitak illuminates the Flame Nebula. Alnitak
is also the easternmost star of the three stars that form Orion's belt. The
other two are Alnilam and Mintaka, and all three appear very bright from
planet Earth.

6 x 10^10

60 million kilometers

Aldebaran

Aldebaran is not to be confused with Alderaan,
which is a planet in Star Wars. Alderaan is very similar to Earth in size,
day length, and water cover. However, Aldebaran is 5,000 times larger in
diameter, rotates every 643 Earth days, and has no water on the surface.

4 x 10^10

40 million kilometers

Polaris

Polaris is known as the North Star. It is very
near the north pole, so if you want to know which way is north, just try to
find Polaris. Locate the two stars on the far side of the Big Dipper, and go
upward.

3.6

3.6 x 10^10

36 million kilometers

Arcturus

Arcturus is the third brightest star in the
night sky, after Sirius and Canopus. It's the brightest star in the
constellation of Boötes. Find it by following the handle of the Big Dipper.

2.2

2.2 x 10^10

22 million kilometers

Albireo

Albireo is made up of three stars total. Here
we are just showing the largest one. Two of the stars are close, and form a
yellow dot. The third is blue and further away. The blue star and yellow
stars are so far apart it takes them 100,000 years to complete one orbit.

1.7

1.7 x 10^10

17 million kilometers

Capella

Capella is actually a binary star. Both stars
are type-G giant stars. The larger one is the one you see to the left. The
Sun is also a type-G star, but it's a main- sequence one.

1.1

1.1 x 10^10

11 million kilometers

Pollux

In Greek mythology, Pollux's twin is Castor.
They are also stars in the constellation Gemini, meaning "twins".
However, in reality, Pollux in a single star, while Castor is three binary
stars, for a total of six stars. Castor is a set of sextuplets!

9.6

9.6 x 10^9

9.6 million kilometers

Spica

Spica is the fifteenth brightest star in the
night sky and lies in the constellation Virgo. It's actually a binary star
system. The two stars are very close, and they orbit every four days.

5.8

5.8 x 10^9

5.8 million kilometers

Regulus

Regulus spins so quickly it bulges, just like
Altair and Vega. If Regulus were to spin 16% faster, it would rip apart!
Regulus is also the brightest star in the constellation Leo. There's also
Regulus B & C.

3.8

3.8 x 10^9

3.8 million kilometers

Vega

Vega is found in the Lyra constellation. It is
also part of the Summer Triangle, composed of Vega, Altair, and Deneb. Vega
spins so quickly it bulges. However, we see it pole-on, so it looks circular.

2.9

2.9 x 10^9

2.9 million kilometers

Procyon

Did you know that over the next 10 million
years, Procyon will grow to 100 times its current diameter and become red?
This is because Procyon's hydrogen is now all helium. The Sun will do the
same thing in a couple billion years.

2.6

2.6 x 10^9

2.6 million kilometers

Altair

Altair is one of the three stars in the Summer
Triangle. The Summer Triangle is an acute triangle, which means that all the
angles are less than 90°! The other two are Vega and Deneb. Like many other
stars, Altair spins very quickly, bulging at the center!

2.5

2.5 x 10^9

Phospholipid

Phospholipids are beautifully amazing little
molecules, and you have millions of millions of millions of them in your
body. Phospholipids are actually a special type of lipid that make up cell
membranes.

2.5

2.5 x 10^9

2.5 million kilometers

Sirius A

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky.
It is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the second brightest star. However,
Sirius is not a large star. It only appears bright because it is close to us,
at only eight light-years away.

1.5

1.5 x 10^9

1.5 million kilometers

Alpha Centauri A

Alpha Centauri A is the largest star of the
Alpha Centauri star system (composed of three stars), which is the closest
star system to us. It is also the fourth brightest star in the night sky.

1.4

1.4 x 10^9

1.4 million

The Sun

Also known as Sol, the Sun is what gives Earth
the energy that makes it able to have life. The Sun is over 100 times larger
in diameter than Earth! 20,000 times more solar energy hits the Earth than
the human race uses. However, some stars are even larger and more luminous.

1 x 10^9

1 million k

Alpha Centauri B

Alpha Centauri B is the second largest star in
the Alpha Centauri star system. Its diameter is approximately one million
kilometers, so it is slightly smaller than the Sun. Alpha Centuari A & B
are so close they appear as a single star to us Earthlings.

Gigameter (Gm) (Diameter)

9.6

9.6 x 10^8

960,000 kilometers

Gliese 229A

Gliese 229A is a red dwarf star. It is a bit
smaller than the Sun. The red dwarf star is also written as GJ 229 or GI 229.
It is part of a binary star system, the second star being Gliese 229B.

4.2

4.2 x 10^8

420,000 kilometers

Kapteyn's Star

Kapteyn's Star is only thirteen light-years
away. Even so, its magnitude is +9, so you need binoculars to see it. Around
10,000 years ago, Kapteyn's Star was only seven light-years away!

4.2

4.2 x 10^8

420,000 kilometers

Luyten's Star

Luyten's Star is a red dwarf star 12
light-years away from us. It is so close to Procyon that Procyon would appear
10 times brighter to Luyten's Star than Sirius appears to us. Also, I don't
know how to pronounce it. Is it like "Luwee- ten", or
"Loy-ten", or "Loo-ten? I just don't know! Help please!

3.8

3.8 x 10^8

380,000 k

Distance from Earth to Moon

The Earth and the Moon here are not to scale.
If the distance were a meter, Earth would be the size of a quarter, and the
moon would be a pea.

2.3

2.3 x 10^8

230,000 kilometers

TrES-4

TrES-4 is the largest planet discovered. No
telescope can actually see TrES-4, but there are ways to prove its existence
indirectly. TrES-4's gravity causes the star it orbits to wobble slightly.
Also, whenever TrES-4 goes in front of the star, the shine of the star dims a
little.

2 x 10^8

200,000 kilometers

Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri is known as being the closest
star to Earth other than the Sun. Its name comes from the word
"proximity". Proxima Centauri is a small red star. Unfortunately,
it is so dim, you need a telescope to see it.

1.5

1.5 x 10^8

150,000 kilometers

Wolf 359

Wolf 359 is a small red dwarf, dwarfed by
normal stars. It is the sixth closest star to Earth, after the Sun, Proxima
Centauri, Alpha Centauri A & B and Barnard's star. Still, its magnitude
is a dim +13.5.

1.4

1.4 x 10^8

140,000 kilometers

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar
system. However, it is not the largest known planet. That's TrES-4. Jupiter
is a gas giant, so it's just a ball of gas. You can't land anywhere on it.
Also, Jupiter has 64 moons, including the four Gallilean moons.

1.2

1.2 x 10^8

120,000 kilometers

Saturn

Saturn has the widest, most visible rings of
the Solar System. Galileo, who was the first person to see these rings, first
thought they were "ears". Can you imagine a Saturn without rings?
It would be just a yellow ball.

1.1

1.1 x 10^8

110,000 kilometers

Gliese 229B

Gliese 229B is a brown dwarf star. It orbits a
larger dwarf star, which is Gliese 229A. Gliese 229B would be classified as a
planet, but it is much denser than Jupiter, making its mass too large to be
considered a planet.

6.4

6.4 x 10^7

64,000 kil

Minecraft World

Stretching from the coordinates +32,000,000 to
-32,000,000, the Minecraft world spans a total of 64,000 kilometers. This
world has approximately 130 quadrillion blocks in it! That sure is a lot!

5.1

5.1 x 10^7

51,000 kilometers

Uranus

A lot of people like to think
"Uranus" sounds like "your anus". There are many other,
and better, pronunciations. Uranus can also be pronouced like
"Yer-uh-niss" or "Seh-venth-pla-net".

4.9

4.9 x 10^7

49,000 kilometers

Neptune

Currently, Neptune is the farthest planet in
the Solar System from the Sun. It takes 164.8 Earth years for it to orbit the
Sun. You'll never see Neptune complete a single orbit in your whole life,
unless life expectancies increase.

2 x 10^7

20,000 kilometers

Sirius B

Sirius B is a white dwarf. It's barely bigger
than the Earth! It's usually pretty hard to see because it is hidden by
Sirius A's blinding light. Sirius B is known as "The Pup".

1.27

1.27 x 10^7

12,700 kilometers

Earth

The Earth is our only home. While living on
it, we may consider it huge, but it is still important to take care of it.
When it is gone, there will be nowhere else left to go.

1.2

1.2 x 10^7

12,000 kilometers

Venus

There was a time when Venus and Earth were
thought to be sister planets. That isn't true at all! Venus's surface
temperature is always above 450° C, because its atmosphere, which is mostly
carbon dioxide, traps the Sun's heat!

Total Human Height

If all the 7 billion humans stood on top of
one another, and the bottom 6.99 billion humans didn't crumple under all the
weight, the stack would be approximately 10 million kilometers tall.

8.85

8.85 x 10^6

8,850 kilometers

Great Wall of China, actual
(curving) length

The Great Wall of China is 8,850 kilometers in
length. However, it twists and turns, so the distance from the endpoints is
actually only 2,900 kilometers. Oh, and another thing. The Great Wall of
China is not visible from space. It's less than 10 meters wide! Most houses
are wider than that!

8 x 10^6

8,000 kilometers

Asia

Asia is the Earth's largest continent, holding
over four billion people – over half of the world's population. Africa is the
second most populous continent, but only has one billion people.

6.8

6.8 x 10^6

6,800 kilometers

Mars

Mars is known as the Red Planet. It is red
because it is rusty. Many people believe water and life once existed on Mars.
However, even if that is true, the life wouldn't be like the little green
men.

5.3

5.3 x 10^6

5,300 kilometers

Ganymede

Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar
System. It orbits Jupiter and was discovered by Galileo, which makes it a
Galilean moon. Also, Ganymede is not to be confused with Ganymed, which is an
asteroid whose name doesn't have the final "e"!

5.2

5.2 x 10^6

5,200 kilometers

Titan

Titan is Saturn's only large moon. It has a
very thick atmosphere, which is made up of mostly nitrogen. Earth's
atmosphere is also mostly nitrogen. Titan has seas of liquid methane. (It's
around -180° C.) There's even a continent called "Xanadu".

4.9

4.9 x 10^6

4,900 kilometers

Mercury

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It
has no atmosphere. During the day, temperatures reach 400° C, but at night,
the temperatures fall to -180° C. One Mercurian year is 88 Earth days.

4.8

4.8 x 10^6

4,800 kilometers

Callisto

Callisto is the most distant of the Gallilean
moons. It orbits outside all the other Gallilean moons and gets hit with the
most meteors. All these impacts create many, many craters.

4.2

4.2 x 10^6

4,200 kilo

U. S. A.

Here is the U. S. A. Although it may seem to
be larger than Pluto, Pluto has a back face, which means Pluto has more
surface area!

3.6

3.6 x 10^6

3,600 kilometers

Io has a lot of volcanoes. It is the most
volcanic thing in the Solar System! Io's geysers emit frozen sulfur dioxide
up to 500 kilometers into space! The landscape of Io is constantly changing.
In one year, it will look very different!

3.5

3.5 x 10^6

3,500 kilometers

The Moon

The Moon, also known as "Luna", is
the brightest object in the night sky. It orbits Earth every 27 days, 7 hours
and 43 minutes. I like to imagine seeing several moons scattered across the
night sky. That would be amazing!

3.1

3.1 x 10^6

3,100 kilometers

Europa

Europa is the puniest of the Galilean moons.
It is covered with ice. There are mysterious streaks that cover the moon's
surface. Some people believe water might exist beneath the layer of ice,
possibly even holding life.

2.9

2,900 kilometer

Great Wall of China, straight
length

2.7

2.7 x 10^6

2,700 kilometers

Triton

Triton is Neptune's largest moon. It is also
the coldest object in the Solar System, at -240° C. Triton is also a very
windy place, with winds going at almost the speed of sound!

2.3

2.3 x 10^6

2,300 kilometers

Pluto

Pluto used to be a planet, but now it's not.
Why do people feel sympathy for it? It has no feelings. And if it did, why
would it care about what the people way over on Earth thought about it? On
another note, Pluto's official name is now "134340 Pluto", because
it is a dwarf planet.

1.8

1.8 x 10^6

1,800 kilometers

Sedna

Sedna has a very elliptical orbit. It is so
far away it takes 10,000 Earth years to complete one orbit. You probably
realized that "Sedna" backwards is "Andes", the world's
longest mountain range. (It's in South America.) Both may seem other-worldly!

1.3

1.3 x 10^6

1,300 kilometers

Quaoar

Quaoar is very dense. Its core is very big.
Quaoar may have been much larger long ago. It might have been hit by an
object the size of Pluto, which would have stripped away the outer layers.

1.2

1.2 x 10^6

1,200 kilometers

California

California is nicknamed "The Golden
State". That's why it's colored golden. California is home to 37 million
people, which is less than one percent of the world's population.

1.2

1.2 x 10^6

1,200 kilometers

Charon

Charon is Pluto's only large moon. They are
very close in size. They are so close, some people consider Pluto and Charon
to be a double planet. Did you know the same side of Charon always faces
Pluto, and the same side of Pluto always faces Charon?

1.2

1.2 x 10^6

1,200 kilometers

Texas

Texas is the only state to have the same rank
in both population and land area, which is second. If Puerto Rico were to be
counted, Mississippi would rank in 32nd in both catergories, but it's not,
because Puerto Rico is not a state.

1.1

1.1 x 10^6

1,100 kilometers

Italy

Italy was the home to Leonardo Da Vinci, who
was an inventor, mathematician, engineer, painter, sculptor, scientist,
musician, and much more. Many other painters, including Raphael and
Michelangelo, were also from Italy.

10^6^ x 2.4

2,400 kilometers

Eris

Eris is the largest dwarf planet. It is even
bigger than Pluto, which is also a dwarf planet. Eris is further from the Sun
than Pluto. Eris has a moon, and that's Dysnomia. Where's Dysnomia? It's down
there.

Megameter (Mm) (Diameter)

9.5

9.5 x 10^5

950 kilometers

Ceres

Ceres is not a very good place for humans to
live. Ceres is also the largest asteroid, and began the debate over the
definition of "planet". For a time, Ceres was considered a planet,
but then it wasn't.

4.5

4.5 x 10^5

450 kilometers

Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon is one of the largest canyons
on Earth. It was carved by the Colorado River. All that carving took around
17 million years! The layers of rock exposed were even older, some as old as
1.8 billion years old!

4 x 10^5

400 kilometers

West Virginia

West Virginia used to be part of Virginia.
They split in 1863 because the Civil War. Now, West Virginia is still a
state! A lot of glass marbles are made in West Virginia.

2.4

2.4 x 10^5

240 kilom

Rwanda

Rwanda is a country in eastern- central Africa
and is known as "The Land of a Thousand Hills". Did you know that
Rwanda as a country ranks 148th in land area? That means there are only 147
countries larger than it.

1.5

1.5 x 10^5

150 kilometers

Dysnomia

Dysnomia is Eris's only moon and was
discovered on September 10, 2005, which was a Saturday. Also, did you know
that "Dysnomia" also refers to a learning disability that is
similar to dyslexia?

1.2

1.2 x 10^5

120 kilometers

Brunei

Brunei is a country in Southeast Asia. It is
surrounded completely by Malaysia and the South China Sea. 400,000 people
live in this country. They drive on the left side of the road.

1 x 10^5

100 kilometers

Hydra

Hydra is one of Pluto's moons. It's named
after the seven-headed serpent from Greek mythology. Of course, Hydra will
grow two heads if you cut one off. If you want Hydra to have n heads, all you
have to do is cut off n-7 heads! However, this will not work if you want less
than seven.

8 x 10^4

80 kilometers

Nix

Nix is the smallest known moon of Pluto. Its
name is the second shortest name of a moon, the shortest being Io. The name
comes from the primordial Greek goddess Nyx, who was the night.

7.5

7.5 x 10^4

75 kilometers

Rhode Island

Rhode Island is the smallest state in the U.
S. A. However, it could still fit the world's population on it. Did you know
that Rhode Island has the longest official state name? (The State of Rhode
Island and Providence Plantations)

4.22

4.22 x 10^4

42.2 kilometers

Marathon

A marathon is 42.2 kilometers, or 26.2 miles.
About one thousandth of Americans have run a marathon. According to legend,
after a Greek victory in the Battle of Marathon, Pheidippides was sent to
Athens to tell the news. The distance was a marathon!

2.4

2.4 x 10^4

24 kilometers

Neutron Star

Neutron stars are made of tightly packed
neutrons. As a result, they are extremely dense. One milliliter of neutron
star material weighs 500 billion kilograms! (That's about the weight of all
humans combined.)

2.3

2.3 x 10^4

23 kilometers

Phobos

Phobos is the larger of the two Martian moons.
Still, it is quite small! Did you know that if you were standing on Phobos,
its gravity would be so weak that you could throw a baseball and it wouldn't
come back down?

1.3

1.3 x 10^4

13 kilometers

Deimos

Deimos is one of the smallest moons known. You
could walk around it in a day! Of course, you'd have to wear a space suit to
survive in the vacuum of space. I don't think you could walk as fast in a
space suit, though.

1.1

1.1 x 10^4

11 kilometers

Halley's Comet

The actual size of Halley's Comet is quite
small. The tail that it forms can be millions of kilometers in length!
Halley's comet loses 10% of its mass for every thousand orbits.

1.09

1.09 x 10^4

10.9 kilo

Depth of the Mariana Trench

The Mariana Trench is a pretty deep trench. It
is in the Pacific Ocean, and its human population is zero. Did you know that
this lovely trench has been proposed as a site for dumping nuclear waste?
That's a deep topic!

8.8

8.8 x 10^3

8.8 kilometers

Mount Everest

Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth
at 8,848 meters. It is constantly growing, like children do. Not many people
can climb it without using an oxygen tank.

8.6

8.6 x 10^3

8.6 kilometers

Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider is the world's
largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. It smashes protons into each
other! That's really mean, like the bullies at school that smash the little
children together.

8 x 10^3

8 kilometers

Palm Jebel Ali

Palm Jebel Ali is the largest man-made island
(not including islands like Flevopolder, where a region of the Netherlands
was drained so there could be more land). Palm Jebel Ali is not complete. It
is part of the Palm Islands and is planned to house 250,000 people!

5 x 10^3

5 kilometers

Cruithne

Cruithne is known as Earth's second moon. It
actually isn't Earth's moon. It just follows an elliptical orbit around the
Sun that is near Earth's orbit, and its year is 364 days, close to Earth's
year.

4 x 10^3

4 kilomet

Central Park

Central Park, which is in New York City, is
the most visited urban park in the United States! Did you know that 18 people
actually live in Central Park? That's pretty cool!

3 x 10^3

3 kilometers

Uluru

Uluru, which is also known as Ayers Rock, is a
rock. At 348 meters tall, it is shorter than many buildings. However, it is
three kilometers in length, making it longer than all buildings.

1 x 10^3

1 kilometer

AM Radio Wavelength

A and M are the first and thirteenth letters
of the alphabet. One is a perfect square, while thirteen is not. We all have
our differences, and we have to learn to accept them. That's the only way
we'll live in harmony.

1 x 10^3

1 kilometer

Boeing Everett Factory

The Boeing Everett Factory, with 13 million
cubic meters of usable space, is the largest building in the world. The Great
Wall of China and the Three Gorges Dam do not qualify as buildings.

Kilometer (m) (Diameter)

9.79

9.79 x 10^2

979 meters

Angel Falls

Angel Falls is the tallest waterfall in the
world. It is Venezuela's top tourist attraction. Most of the water evaporates
into mist before hitting the ground. That's too bad. Or is it good? It's
good.

8.28

8.28 x 10^2

828 meters

Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa, which used to be called the Burj
Dubai, is the tallest building in the world. No other building is taller than
828,000 millimeters tall. There's a swimming pool on the 76th floor.

8 x 10^2

800 meters

Vatican City

Vatican City is the smallest country. It,
although very small, is larger than you are. If you were to stretch your
flesh over Vatican City so that it was spread evenly, the coating would be
about 200 nanomaters thick, which is less than even a single skin cell!

4.1

4.1 x 10^2

410 meters

Half Dome, Yosemite

Half Dome is a large dome that is in Yosemite
National Park. It is made up of granite. The steep side of the dome is almost
vertical. Don't fall off that side unless you want to. Some people like to
climb it, even though it is very challenging!

3.2

3.2 x 10^2

320 meters

Eiffel Tower

For 41 years, the Eiffel Tower was the tallest
man-made structure in the world. 200 million people have been to the Eiffel
Tower, which is almost the population of the U.S.A.!

2.7

2.7 x 10^2

270 meters

Titanic

The Titanic sank when it hit an iceberg.
Although it was capable of holding enough lifeboats for 4,000 people, they
decided they only needed enough lifeboats for 1,178 people. There were 3,547
people on the Titanic.

2.2

2.2 x 10^2

220 meters

Hoover Dam

1.92

1.92 x 10^2

192 meters

Gateway Arch

The Gateway Arch is the tallest structure in
St. Louis. There is an observation area at the very top, and from it, you can
see the Mississippi River. You should go visit it sometime in the near
future!

1.69

1.69 x 10^2

169 meters

Washington Monument

The Washington Monument is the world's tallest
obelisk, as well as the world's tallest stone structure. It was the world's
tallest structure from 1884 to 1889. After that it was the Eiffel Tower,
which is to the upper-right. The Washington Monument is not the world's
tallest column - that's the San Jacinto Monument.

1.5

1.5 x 10^2

150 meters

The Great Pyramid of Giza

This picture is actually of the Giza
Necropolis. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the pyramid on the left. It is the
oldest one, built by the Egyptians in 2560 BC. It was the tallest man-made
structure for almost 4,000 years.

1.1

1.1 x 10^2

110 meters

Saturn V

1.097

1.097 x 10^2

109.7 meters

Football Field

American football fields are 120 yards (109.7
m) long, if end zones are included. Anyway, football fields are often used
for measuring large objects. For example, "The Titanic is almost three
football fields long!" Oh, and another thing – Football fields are also
used for playing football.

1.08

1.08 x 10^2

108 meters

International Space Station

The International Space Station is pretty
cool. It floats around in low Earth orbit, and you can even see it from
Earth! The ISS has had humans within it continuously for the last eleven
years, which is a record for a spacecraft. (They weren't all the same
humans.)

1 x 10^2

100 meters

Redwood Tree

The redwood tree is the tallest tree in the
world. Its height, combined with that of an ant's, is greater than any
human's! However, the universe is still 10 25 times larger.

9.3

9.3 x 10^1

93 meters

Statue of Liberty

Although the Statue of Liberty is a symbol of
America, it was actually built in France. It was based off of an ancient
statue of the Greek Sun god Helios. The Statue of Liberty is pretty cool,
even though the torch has been closed since 1916 because it is dangerous.

6.5

6.5 x 10^1

65 meters

Boeing 747

The Boeing 747, which flies, is an airplane.
Since 1969, it's been shorter than a redwood tree. Before then, it didn't
exist, so it wasn't shorter or longer. And yes, its wingspan is longer than
the Wright brother's first flight (37 meters).

6 x 10^1

60 meters

Amphilicoelias fragilimus

Amphilicoelias fragilimus was the largest
dinosaur ever! It weighed over 100 tons! It's so big you could build your
house on top of it if you wanted to!

3 x 10^1

30 meters

Blue Whale

The blue whale is the largest animal there is.
Its weight, which is 180 metric tons, is greater than any other animal's.
Unfortunately, whaling has lowered the blue whale's population from 300,000
to 2,000.

1.5

1.5 x 10^1

15 x 10 meters

Average U.S. House

These houses of the United States have been
getting larger. In the last 40 years, the average house has almost doubled in
area! These houses are so large, you could fit 1,000 people in them! It would
be pretty cramped, though.

1.5

1.5 x 10^1

15 meters

Oak Tree

The oak tree is a tree. They can live a very
long time, longer than even a human can! Oak trees produce thousands of
acorns a year. Acorns are good. Almost as good as ice cubes.

1.4

1.4 x 10^1

14 meters

Saguaro Cactus

9 x 10^0

9 meters

Apollo Lunar Module

This thing weighs 15,000 kilograms! That's a
lot! It also landed on the Moon. Its landing inspired the arcade game
"Lunar Lander", which is not easy. When I play, I always run out of
fuel!

7 x 10^0

7 meters

Tyrannosaurus Rex

This dinosaur is now extinct, but it used to
be to 7 meters long. It is still being debated whether the T- Rex was a
predator or a scavenger. Although the T-Rex was very large, it was not the
largest! Zoom out a bit to see the largest dinosaur!

Giraffe

The giraffe is the tallest land mammal at a
mind-boggling 6 meters! Its neck alone is almost half of its entire height.
Adult giraffes are so tall that the only way for predators to kill them is to
push them onto their side!

5 x 10^0

5 meters

Elephant

The elephant is the largest land animal. Only
three species of elephants remain. They can weigh up to 8 tons, which is
about 10 times the weight any human has ever achieved!

3 x 10^0

3 meters

Giant Earthworm

The giant earthworm can grow up to three
meters long. When baby giant earthworms hatch from their cocoons, they are
only twenty centimeters long. They take five years to reach their full
length. They burrow underground and make gurgling noises.

3 x 10^0

3 meters

Japanese Spider Crab

The Japanese Spider Crab is the largest
arthropod. However, not all Japanese Spider Crabs get to be this size. Some
are only one meter across. Unfortunately, fishermen have killed many of them.
That's a lot of crab meat!

3 x 10^0

3 meters

Marathon

The Wandering Albatross is the bird with the
largest wingspan! They fly almost all the time, only stopping to eat and make
babies. Their population is slowly decreasing. Now it is only at 26,000,
which isn't very much.

2.5

2.5 x 10^0

2.5 meters

Sunflower

Did you know that the "flower" of a
sunflower is not a single flower, but actually a flower head made up of
thousands of small flowers? These small flowers are called florets. The
florets in the center become sunflower seeds, which are currently invisible
at this scale.

1.7

1.7 x 10^0

1.7 meters

Human

I'm going to assume you are a human. I am a
human too! Did you know that there are over 7 billion of us? That's a lot. In
fact, if you met each person for one second, it would take you about 200
years to meet all of them! Better get started now!

1 x 10^0

1 meter

Dodo Bird

The dodo bird went extinct sometime during the
1600s. The name comes from the sound they make (or should I say used to make
since they're now extinct). So yeah, they're gone.

1 x 10^0

1 meter

FM Radio Wavelength

F and M are the sixth and thirteenth letters
of the alphabet. Six is a perfect number, while thirteen is not. We all have
our differences, and we have to learn to accept them. That's the only way
we'll live in harmony.

Meter (m) (Diameter)

1 x 10^0

1 meter

Rafflesia

The rafflesia is the largest single flower in
the world. It can weigh up to 10 kilograms, which is actually pretty heavy.
The flower smells like rotting flesh to attract flies, which will pollinate
it.

-1

8 x 10^-1

80 centimeters

Beach ball

Beach balls were invented in 1938, which was
over 70 years ago. Beach balls are also colorful. In addition, they are very
fun! The only beach ball that isn't fun is the beach ball of death.

-1

3 x 10^-1

30 centimeters

Inch Ruler

For all of you people not accustomed to the
metric system, here's an inch ruler, which is approximately one foot long.
Unfortunately, almost everything else is in the metric system.

-1

2.5

2.5 x 10^-1

25 centimeters

Russell's Teapot

Bertrand Russell said that there was a teapot
orbiting the Sun between Earth and Mars. No one could disprove him because
such a teapot would not be visible. Therefore, no one should ever doubt
Russell. This was used as an analogy comparing the existence of God.

-1

2.4

2.4 x 10^-1

24 centimeters

Basketball

This basketball is probably a size 7
basketball, because a size 6 basketball is only 23 centimeters in diameter.
This basketball, which is very round, is often pushed through a hoop.

-1

2 x 10^-1

20 centimeters

Approximate size of this
viewport

Although different monitors have different
pixel sizes, things on the screen are approximately the same size. This is
approximately 20 centimeters across!

-1

2 x 10^-1

20 centimeters

Largest Hailstone

The largest hailstone was found in South
Dakota. However, most hailstones don't even come close to this size. The
average diameter is a measly centimeter. Oh, I would also like to point out
that not all hailstones are round.

-1

1 x 10^-1

10 centimeters

Hummingbird

Hummingbirds flap their wings 12-80 times per
second, which is about the same frequency as the lowest notes on the piano.
They can also fly backwards and hover in mid-air. Amazing skills!

-1

1 x 10^-1

10 centimeters

Shrew

Shrews are great little thingies. Their
metabolism rate is so high they must eat their body weight every single day!
Also, 10% of their body weight is their brain. That's the highest of any
animal's, including humans!

-2

5.5

5.5 x 10^-2

5.5 centimeters

Chicken Egg

The chicken egg is where baby chicks usually
hatch. Many humans love to eat chicken eggs. Besides appearance, there is no
difference between white chicken eggs and brown chicken eggs.

-2

5 x 10^-2

5 centimeters

Matchstick

The matchstick is a very useful little tool.
When struck against something, it can light on fire. This makes it very
dangerous! That's why it's good to never play with matches. Got that?

-2

4 x 10^-2

4 centimeters

Common Earthworm

Don't you just love wriggly, slimy earthworms?
Despite the urban legends, most species of earthworms will die if you cut
them in half. Sometimes, the head will survive and grow a new tail. But the
tail will die.

-2

3 x 10^-2

3 centimeters

Quail Egg

Many people think that quail eggs are better
than chicken eggs. The quail egg is smaller and more rare than the chicken
egg, but that doesn't stop some people from loving them!

-2

2.5

2.5 x 10^-2

2.5 centimeters (length of side)

Square Inch

For all of you people not accustomed to the
metric system, here's a square inch. Unfortunately for you, almost everything
else is in the metric system.

-2

1.9

1.9 x 10^-2

1.9 centimeters

U.S. Penny

Did you know that in 1912, the penny was worth
what the quarter is worth now? Also, if you melt a penny down into zinc and
copper, it would be worth 1.79 cents. That is illegal, so don't do it.

-2

1.5

1.5 x 10^-2

1.5 centimeters

Glass Marble

Glass marbles are round, but they're actually
quite rough if you look at them under a microscope. This marble is an example
of a toothpaste marble. For more about glass marbles, see West Virginia.

-2

1 x 10^-2

1 centimeter

Coffee Bean

The coffee bean is about one centimeter across
- and it's actually a fruit that resembles a bean. It's brown and has
stripes, and sometimes, when you stare at it, you just forget that its
diameter is 10 -29 of the known universe.

-2

1 x 10^-2

1 centimeter

Microwave Wavelength

Actually, the range of microwaves is pretty
large. They range from one millimeter to one meter. So you see, this
electromagnetic wave, with a wavelength of one centimeter, comfortably fits
into this range and thus is a microwave!

-3

7 x 10^-3

7 millimeters

Sunflower Seed

Sunflower seeds are exhilaratingly delicious.
They are so yummy, they can be made into "sunflower seed bread"!
Sunflower seeds are not real seeds. They are the fruits of the sunflower!
They are only called "seeds" because they resemble other seeds.

-3

5 x 10^-3

5 millimeters

Grain of Rice

A lot of people on our beautiful world eat
rice. If you eat one bowl of rice per day, you will eat an around 300 million
grains of rice in your lifetime. That is also approximately the population of
the United States!

-3

5 x 10^-3

5 millimeters

Sleet

-3

4 x 10^-3

4 millimeters

Ant

You probably don't like ants. That's too bad.
15-25% of all land animals are ants! Whoa! That's a lot of ants! For every
person on Earth, there are over one million ants!

-3

2 x 10^-3

2 millimeters

Duckweed

These are water lentils that float in ponds
and other bodies of water. They don't have stems or roots. On the other hand,
they do create flowers, which are the smallest of any plant on Earth.

-3

Millimeter (mm) (Diameter)

-4

7.5

7.5 x 10^-4

750 micrometers

Largest Bacteria

The largest bacteria, which is Thiomargarita
namibiensis, is almost one millimeter in length. It lives in the ocean off
the coast of Namibia. Can you imagine being in the ocean, and seeing these
things? They're very visible!

-4

5 x 10^-4

500 micro

Grain of Salt

Salt is a compound made of a reactive metal
and a toxic gas. Everyone knows that. Also, do not eat too much salt, or else
you could die. Eating one thousandth of your body weight all at once will
usually do the trick.

-4

5 x 10^-4

0.5 millimeters

Grain of Sand

Of course, not all grains of sand are the same
size. They vary a lot. Arenophiles are people who collect sand samples. Also,
did you know that Papakolea Beach has green sand? This is because of crystals
in the sand. Whatever.

-4

5-9 x 10^-4

0.5-0.9 millimeters

Pencil Lead

People use pencil lead a lot. Oh, by the way,
this is mechanical pencil lead. On another note, the largest pencil contained
2,000 kilograms of graphite. That's about three times heavier than a human!
And by human I mean the heaviest human ever.

-4

3 x 10^-4

350 micrometers

Amoeba E. coli

E. coli are usually harmless and live in your
intestines, making wonderful vitamin K 2 . They are in almost everyone's
intestines. In fact, they colonize in babies' intestines just two days after
they are born! Now that's pretty fast!

-4

3 x 10^-4

300 micrometers

Dust mite

Dust mites like to eat dust, which you
probably know is just dead skin cells. Many people are allergic to dust
mites. Some people are allergic to their poop. Either way, almost all people
want to get rid of this pesky pest.

-4

3 x 10^-4

300 micrometers

LCD Pixel

Although the size of pixels differs greatly,
300 micrometers is about the average. Pixels contain three subpixels that are
red, green, and blue. Pixels are pretty cool, but voxels are even better.
They are three-dimensional pixels.

-4

2 x 10^-4

200 micrometers

Paramecium

Paramecia vary quite a lot in size, but it's
usually around 200 mircrometers. These little guys are protists and like to
swim in water. They can move two millimeters per second!

-4

1.5

1.5 x 10^-4

150 micrometers

Thickness of Paper

Paper is very thin. It's so thin it can give
you a paper cut. You can do a lot of things with paper, including writing on
it, drawing on it, and even folding it into shapes like squares and triangles
and dodecahedrons and others.

-4

1.2

1.2 x 10^-4

120 micrometers

Red Blood Cell

An ovum, which is the largest cell in the
human body, has a diameter of about 1/400 th that of a chicken's egg. Animals
that develop within eggs within their mother are ovoviviparous, which humans
are not. Ovoviviparous is the only English word starting with
"vowel-v-vowel-v-vowel-v-vowel".

-4

1 x 10^-4

100 micrometers

Smallest Thing Visible to the
Naked Eye

Just for your information, 100 micrometers is
about the same as one tenth of a millimeter. Hold on... it's EXACTLY one
tenth of a millimeter. Now that is so exact, it's almost scary!

-4

1 x 10^-4

100 micrometers

Width of a Human Hair

Human hair is amazing. Straight hair is almost
perfectly cylindrical. On the other hand, curly hair is flatter, which allows
to to curl, like a ribbon. Did you know that you probably have 50,000 to
200,000 strands of hair on your head? You can count!

-5

5 x 10^-5

50 micrometers

Silt Particle

According to the Udden- Wentworth scale, silt
particles vary from the smallest of 1⁄256 mm to the largest of 1/16 mm.
This silt particle to the right falls into that range quite well.

-5

3.5

3.5 x 10^-5

35 micro

Skin Cell

The outermost layer of skin, which is also the
only visible layer of skin, is made up of dead cells. That's because dead
cells are the strongest, and stronger skin provides more protection! These
cells continuously fall off. In fact, dust is 95% dead skin cells!

-5

2.54

2.54 x 10^-5

25.4 micrometers

Thou

Although the word "thou" is most
commonly known as being an old form of the word "you", a thou is
also a unit of measurement. It is equal of one thousandth of an inch; in
fact, that's where it gets its name. THOUsandth. Pretty cool.

-5

1.76

1.76 x 10^-5

17.6 micrometers

Twip, a typographical point

A twip is a twentieth of a typographical
point. That means that 12-point font is approximately 240 twips high. Also,
TUIP can stand for "The Universe in Perspective", which was an old
name for the Scale of the Universe 2. TUIP and twip are pronounced the same.

-5

1.5

1.5 x 10^-5

15 micrometers

Infrared Wavelength

Things that are extremely rare are
"inf-rare". (infinitely rare). Inf-rare is also a verb, meaning
"to make inf-rare". (e.g., "John inf-rared the precious food
by eating the last of it.") Infrared light used to be quite common, but
one day, a scientist somehow "infrared" it. (By the way, this is
not true.)

-5

1.5

1.5 x 10^-5

15 micrometers

Width of a Silk Fiber

Silk is valuable and can be woven into
clothing, which usually turns out quite soft. Silk is made by silkworm
larvae, which I think are pretty gross. But there's also synthetic silk,
which is not made from disgusting creepy-crawlies.

-5

1 x 10^-5

10 micro

White Blood Cell

These mass murderers are also known as
leukocytes. There are many different types of this disease-fighting cell. The
most common type, the neutrophil, has multiple nuclei. The largest type, the
macrophage, has a diameter of a whopping 21 μm. That's over double the
size of the neutrophil!

-5

2 x 10^-5

20 micro

Mist droplet

Mist can reduce visibility a bit. It can also
reflect light, so that you can see rays of light shining through it. That's
pretty cool. If you want to find mist, go to the coast or the mountains. Mist
is more common there.

-6

8 x 10^-6

8 micrometers

Chloroplast

Plant use chloroplasts to turn the Sun's
energy into chemical energy, which is stored in glucose molecules!
Chloroplasts are also what give plants their green color, because they have
fabulous chlorophyll inside their thylakoid membranes.

-6

7 x 10^-6

7 micrometers

Cell nucleus

Nuclei are pretty cool, and they can be found
within all eukaryotic cells. (Human cells are eukaryotic.) The nucleus is
where all the DNA is. During mitosis, the DNA will condense into chromosomes,
and then the cell will split in two.

-6

7 x 10^-6

7 micrometers

Red Blood Cell

Around one quarter of all human cells are red
blood cells. They circulate through one cycle every 20 seconds, and only live
around four months. The reason for the dent is to allow for more surface
area, which means it's easier to transport oxygen. Oh, and they have no
nucleus.

-6

4 x 10^-6

4 micrometers

Mitochondrion

These organelles can turn the chemical energy
from glucose into ATP, which can easily be used for energy. About
120,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ATP molecules are created every day in
your body by mitochondria.

-6

4 x 10^-6

4 micrometers

X Chromosome

X chromosomes are absolutely wonderful. Most
chromosomes look like X's even if they aren't sex chromosomes – those are
autosomes. Females have two X chromosomes while males have an X and a Y
chromosome.

-6

2 x 10^-6

2 microm

Clay Particle

Because clay particles are so small, they
become tightly packed, and water particles have trouble flowing through it.
On the other hand, sand is much more coarse. Water just slips right through
sand. Easy-peasy.

-6

1.5

1.5 x 10^-6

1.5 micrometers

Y Chromosome

The Y chromosome, a sex chromosome, appears
only in males. Did you know that the Y chromosome is continuing to shrink as
it evolves, and will possibly disappear completely? I find that to be very
fascinating!

-6

Micrometer (µm) (Diameter)

-7

7.5

7.5 x 10^-7

750 nanometers

Red Light Wavelength

Red is the first color of the rainbow. It
stimulates appetite. That's why so many food companies have red in their
logo. They want you to eat! In short, they're trying to fool your brain.

-7

4.4

4.4 x 10^-7

440 nanometers

Largest virus

The largest virus known used to be the
Mimivirus, whose name I like, but it is now the Megavirus, whose name I also
like. However, I do not like the viruses themselves. Did you know that in
addition to being the largest, Megavirus is the virus with the longest
genome?

-7

4 x 10^-7

400 nanometers

Mimivirus

This little thingy was discovered in 1992
within an amoeba, which is only 500 times larger. Mimivirus used to be the
largest virus known, but now that is the Megavirus.

-7

4 x 10^-7

400 nanometers

Violet Light Wavelength

Also known as mauve, purple, or even regalia,
violet, which can be called lavender, periwinkle or iris, and sometimes even
amethyst or eggplant, is also referred to as fuchsia, indigo or lilac, and on
rare occasions, byzantium, thistle, wisteria, fandango and heliotrope.

-7

2 x 10^-7

Bacteriophage

The bacteriophage, or just "phage"
for short, is a type of bacteria-infecting virus. I think they look like
robots, not life forms. But it also could be argued that viruses are not
alive at all.

-7

2 x 10^-7

200 nanometers

Smallest Thing Visible to an
Optical Microscope

Optical microscopes cannot see objects smaller
than 200 nanometers because the wavelengths of visible light will pass right
through them.

-7

Wavelength

Gamma Ray Wavelength

Gamma rays have a very high frequency. They
can come from radioactive decay. Oh, and by the way, it's not actually light
blue as it appears to the left.

-8

9 x 10^-8

90 nanom

HIV

HIV infects 0.6% of the world's population and
causes AIDS. Although a single HIV virus is very small, in fact, so small
that not a single human being on the face of this planet can see it with
their naked eye, it can still kill.

-8

6 x 10^-8

60 nanometers

Ultraviolet Light Wavelength

Ultraviolet light can give you a tan. I used
to think the sunlight and heat burnt your skin to make it darker, like how a
barbecue grill turns all of the food black. Now I know that's not true.

-8

4.2

4.2 x 10^-8

42 nanom

Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis B infects a lot of humans. In fact,
almost one third of the world population has been infected at some point.
This virus causes vomiting, liver inflammation, and possibly death.

-8

2.5

2.5 x 10^-8

25 nanometers

Transistor Gate

Transistors in computers are continuing to get
smaller. In 1971, they were 400 times larger at 10 micrometers. Now we are
down to 25 nanometers, but in the future, they might be even smaller. How
small will they get?

-8

1.7

1.7 x 10^-8

17 nanometers

Porcine circovirus

The Porcine circovirus is one of the smallest
viruses. It only requires three proteins to replicate. If you consider
viruses to be alive, then the Porcine circovirus is the smallest living
thing. However, most people agree that viruses are not alive.

-9

5 x 10^-9

5 nanometers

Phospholipid Bilayer

Cell membranes are made of phospholipid
bilayers. Phospholipid bilayers can form naturally because the heads attract
to water and the tails repel from water. As a result, tails clump together,
forming the bilayer.

-9

3 x 10^-9

Width: 3 nanometers

DNA

DNA, which is a nucleic acid, stores the
genetic information of almost all living things on Earth (except for some
viruses.) A single human cell contains 3 meters of deoxyribonucleic acid.
That DNA, while being only a few nanometers across, holds around 25,000 genes
in around 3 billion base pairs. That is a lot!

-9

1 x 10^-9

1 nanometer

Buckyball

Buckyballs, which are also called
Buckminsterfullerenes, are made of 60 carbon atoms. The shape it forms is a
truncated icosahedron, which is also the shape of a soccer ball! A solution
made completely out of buckyballs is purple.

-9

1 x 10^-9

1 nanometer

Carbon Nanotube

Carbon nanotubes are the strongest material
yet discovered. As another bonus, they're lightweight. As a result, nanotubes
have a lot of potential applications, including buildings, batteries, solar
panels, and possibly even a space elevator.

-9

Nanometer (nm) (Diameter)

-10

8 x 10^-10

800 picomters

Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar. Plants make glucose
through photosynthesis and turn it into complex sugars. When we (as humans)
eat plants or animals that have eaten plants, we eat complex sugars, which we
break down into glucose again, which we use for energy.

-10

5 x 10^-10

500 picometers

Alpha Helix

The alpha helix is one of the secondary
structures of proteins. Many proteins have alpha helixes within them.
Hemoglobin and myglobin are proteins that are made of about 70% alpha
helixes!

-10

5 x 10^-10

500 picometers

X-Ray Wavelength

Although X-rays do not have the highest
frequency, it's still a bad idea to bask in them. Don't do it! Usually, you
should have a lead shield. The thicker the lead is, the more protection.
However, there will always be a chance some X-rays get through. Thicker lead
just lowers this chance.

-10

3.4

3.4 x 10^-10

340 picometers

Carbon Atom

Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth. This
is because carbon atoms can create four covalent bonds, which means it can
bond in thousands of ways with oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and other
elements.

-10

2.8

2.8 x 10^-10

280 picometers

Water Molecule

I like to think that whenever I drink water, I
drink Mickey Mouse heads. Do you, too? Oh, you don't? Well, you should.

-10

2.3

2.3 x 10^-10

500 picometers

Cesium Atom

Atom size is measured by the distance of the
nuclei in covalent bonds. The shells don't look actually like this. Cesium is
the largest atom, but its atomic number is not the highest. Why? See Helium
Atom.

-10

1 x 10^-10

Length: 100 picometers

Angstrom

An angstrom, which is named after Swedish
physicist Anders Jonas Ångström, is one tenth of a nanometer. The symbol for
an angstrom is Å. The angstrom is used to express the size of atoms.

-11

5 x 10^-11

50 picometers

Smallest Thing Visible to an
Electron Microscope

Electron microscopes allow us to see very
small things (like atoms) that would otherwise be invisible because they are
smaller than the wavelength of visible light.

-11

3.1

3.1 x 10^-11

31 picometers

Hydrogen Atom

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the
universe. It's usually just a proton and a electron! A hydrogen atom is so
small you can't even see it with your naked eye, even if you try your
hardest.

-11

2.5

2.5 x 10^-11

25 picometers

Helium Atom

Hydrogen atoms are larger than helium atoms
because more protons in an atom's nucleus pull the electrons in closer.
However, additional shells increase the size of the atoms the most. The
largest atom, Cesium, has the most shells with the fewest electrons.
(Francium unmeasured)

-12

1 x 10^-12

1 picometer

-12

Picometer (pm) (Diameter)

-13

100 femtometers

-14

1.5

1.5 x 10^-14

15 femtometers

Uranium Nucleus

Uranium is the highest natural element. It
also has the largest nucleus of all the natural elements. Uranium-238, the
most common isotope of uranium, has a half-life of 4.5 billion years,
approximately the time the Earth has existed.

-15

6 x 10^-15

6 femtometers

Chlorine Nucleus

The chlorine nucleus has 17 protons. There are
usually 18 or 20 neutrons there also! Only rarely are there 19 neutrons. I'm
not sure why that is though. Do you know? Tell me if you do.

-15

5 x 10^-15

5 femtometers

Electron

Electrons are so small that their size can't
accurately be measured. The size of an electron varies greatly depending on
how it's measured, whether it's based on the quantum model or, in this case,
the classical model.

-15

3 x 10^-15

3 femtometers

Helium Nucleus

The helium nucleus is thousands of times
smaller than the atom, like a marble in a football field. The only reason
matter feels solid is because atoms repel. If atoms didn't repel, everything
would fall through each other!

-15

Femtometer (fm) (Diameter)

-15

1 x 10^-15

1 femtometer

Neutron

Neutrons are found within an atom's nucleus.
They are thousands of times smaller than the atom itself. They have two down
quarks and one up quark. Therefore, the neutron's charge is -1/3-1/3+2/3 =
0.

-15

1 x 10^-15

1 femtometer

Proton

Protons are found within an atom's nucleus.
They are thousands of times smaller than the atom itself. They have two up
quarks and one down quark. Therefore, the proton's charge is +2/3+2/3-1/3 =
+1.

-16

1 x 10^-16

100 attometers

Lengths shorter than this are
not confirmed.

All the objects that are smaller than this are
unmeasured. The sizes that they appear are only estimates. Some things, like
quantum foam, are just hypothesized. They aren't fact.

-17

1 x 10^-17

10 attome

Range of the Weak Force

The weak force is one of the four fundamental
forces of nature, and is the weaker of the two nuclear forces. As distances
increases, its strength decreases. At just 10 attometers, the weak force is
so weak it is unmeasurable.

-18

Attometer (am) (Diameter)

-18

1 x 10^-18

1 attometer

Down Quark

There are six flavors of quarks. They are up,
down, strange charm, top, and bottom. The smaller a quark is, the more mass
it has. As a result, the up and down quarks are actually the lightest of the
quarks. This down quark has a charge of -1/3.

-18

1 x 10^-18

1 attometer

Up Quark

-19

4 x 10^-19

400 zeptometers

Strange Quark

Strange quarks are very strange. They are 50
times as massive as up quarks, but are still smaller! Isn't that strange?
Very much so! "Strange matter" is made up of up, down, and strange
quarks!

-19

1 x 10^-19

100 zeptometers

Charm Quark

The charm quark and the strange quark are the
second generation of matter. They will quickly decay into up and down quarks,
which are the first generation of matter. The charm quark is charming.

-20

3 x 10^-20

30 zeptometers

Bottom Quark

The bottom quark is also called the beauty
quark, because it is so flawlessly beautiful. It is third generation and
quickly decays into first generation quarks, like up and down.

-21

Zeptometer (zm) (Diameter)

-22

1 x 10^-22

100 yoctometers

Top Quark

The top quark is the smallest quark, which
means it is the most massive. It is almost 100,000 times as massive as the up
quark, which is the lightest of the quarks. The top quark's mass is 173
billion electronvolts!

-23

10 yoctometers

-24

1 x 10^-24

1 yoctometer

High Energy Neutrino

Neutrinos passes through ordinary matter like
you and me all the time! In fact, they're doing it right now! Neutrinos have
no charge, so they are only affected by gravity and the weak force. However,
they are so small that they are barely affected.

-24

Yoctometer (ym) (Diameter)

-25

0.1 yoctometers

-26

0.01 yoctometers

-27

0.001 yoctometers

-28

0.0001 yoctometers

-29

0.00001 yoctometers

-30

0.000001 yoctometers

-31

0.0000001 yoctometers

-32

0.00000001 yoctometers

-33

0.000000001 yoctometers

-34

0.0000000001 yoctometers

-35

1.6

1.6 x 10^-35

0.000000000016 yoctometers

Planck Length

The planck length (ℓp) is a unit of
length. There is also a planck time, which is the amount of time it takes
light to travel one planck length in a vacuum. (Super short!)

-35

1 x 10^-35

0.00000000001 yoctometers

String

According to the string theory, strings are
one-dimensional, but vibrates in all the other dimensions. This string,
however, is not the same string that is used for flying kites. That string is
between 10 32 and 10 33 times larger.

Quantum Foam

According to the spacetime theory, quantum
foam, which is also known as spacetime foam, is the foundation of the fabric
of the universe. It is impossible to directly observe or measure this because
it is so small.

Links: http://htwins.net/scale/

Discussion of Huang's application: http://scalometer.net/Scale+of+the+Universe+flash+application+by+the+Huangs

scalometer

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